New PSA Shames Teen Parents

May is National Teen Pregnancy Prevention Month, so I thought it would be appropriate to take a look at the New York City's Human Resources Administration's new campaign. The new PSA was released a few weeks ago, intended to combat the high rate of teen pregnancy in the city, though the HRA's message needs some polishing.

The HRA states, "HRA's new Teen Pregnancy Prevention campaign shows the high costs teen pregnancy can have for both teen parents and their children. The campaign features ads with hard-hitting facts about the money and time costs of parenting and the negative consequences of having a child before you are ready." Taking a look at some of the advertisements, I question who the HRA is trying to reach out to.

The campaign features a series of four pictures of toddlers, posed to look neglected and upset. With the exception of one token white toddler, the series of photos are primarily made up of minority children. Coupled with slogans like "Honestly Mom, chances are he won't stay with you", message is pretty clear to me - the HRA is speaking to minority teenage women, the group with the highest rate of teen pregnancy.

I will admit, being a twenty-something Puerto Rican woman and childless is perceived as an accomplishment, but that in no way excuses the blatant racism in these advertisements. These ads are simultaneously shaming already pregnant teenagers, while suggesting those non-pregnant teens will end up barefoot and pregnant if they don't finish high school first. 

Why are we using shame to prevent teen pregnancy? Where's the comprehensive sexual education? Why isn't the HRA offering support and empathy in these ads? I'm surprised that a city as progressive as New York released these posters. Shocked, I sent the NOTNOW text to 877877 to discover "the real price of teen pregnancy". It opened with a choice to play either a young woman or young man and make decisions based on different scenarios that ultimately lead to not becoming pregnant and being successful or becoming pregnant, having a fallout with the parent, and paying the ultimate price for teen pregnancy - which in this case is having a baby, not finishing school, and being poor.

I thought game in the beginning was a little much, but the number does continue to send text messages (until you opt out), providing information and random trivia questions regarding contraceptives and sexual activity - ex. Can you get pregnant while on your period? (yes, you can). The HRA, like most organizations, are trying to reach out to teens using the same social media tools they interact with on a daily basis. I approve of texts following the scenario they played out, but the campaign could definitely use some tweaking. NYC definitely needs to stop these shame campaigns, wagging a finger at someone has not and will never be an effective approach to promoting well-being.

So it's come to this - Anti-Rape Lingerie

Apparently three engineering students in India have created a bra that electrically shocks predators when they grope their victims. Inspired by recent rapes in India and an attempt to tackle the disgraceful rape culture, the students hope the electric brassiere will discourage sexual assaults. Isabel Wilkinson for the Daily Beast writes, "The garments—named Society Harnessing Equipment (SHE)—have been wired with pressure sensors and equipped with an “electric-shock circuit board,” which delivers up to 82 electric shocks when the garments detect unwanted force. Using a GPS system, the undergarments can also apparently send an alert to parents or police." The students chose to re-wire the bra because studies have shown that it's the first area most likely to be groped by assailants.

Though this is doused with good intentions, the fact that there is a sense of necessity to create undergarments that will condition men to not sexually assault women disgusts me. This new bra is essentially another Bobo Doll experiment. I'm glad that there are individuals out there who are trying to think of inventive ways to combat sexual assault and rape, but at the same time perhaps we should start paying more attention to society and the culture of rape.

An electrified bra implies that this behavior comes naturally to these assailants getting a shock from a bra when you grope a woman is the equivalent to smacking a child's hand out of the way when they reach for a cookie. Breasts are not cookies and you can't just reach for them whenever you feel the urge to. Nip the behavior in the bud, focus on the message we are sending to adolescents by not prosecuting rapists or sympathizing with the college football players who had so much potential before one unfortunate evening. We don't need an electric-shock bra, we need to change our attitude on rape.

Rape and Social Media

It's much easier to rapidly share and spread information with social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. The rapid advancement of social media has improved all our lives, but for all the good it has done, there is a darker side to social media - a side that has been used to do a great deal of damage and bullying.

Selena Ross of The Chronicle Herald, reported the story of Rehtaeh Parsons - a 17 year old girl on life support due to a failed suicide attempt. Parsons attempted to hang herself in the bathroom of her parents house, as a result of post-traumatic stress from being raped and bullied when she was 15 years old. After removing her from life support, her mother shared her daughter's story.

Along with her several others, 15 year old Rehtaeh went to a friends house where she was later raped by four teenage boys. Rehtaeh didn't immediately report the incident to her parents or the police until backlash from her peers ensued. Pictures of her being sexually assaulted that evening quickly circulated and soon people were harassing her for being a "slut". The investigation is still ongoing. Despite the damage it caused the Parson family, Ross also demonstrates how social media can bring people together for a cause. Ross posts videos, photos, and tweets of people sharing their disgust for society's victim-shaming in cases like these and as well as advocating for victims.

I found it compelling that Rehtaeh's mother used social media to share her daughter's tragic story. Ironic, yes, but it demonstrates how social media can effectively be used for good. It's very easy for anyone to create a profile and start spreading slander, it has made bullying that much easier and anonymous. It's important that we don't turn social media into a weapon of mass destruction.

Rape, Racism, and the Law - Denials and Accusations of Rape based on Race

Just as the second wave feminist disregarded the plight of minority, working-class women, so did the law regarding rape. It’s very unsettling to think of a time in our government when the rape of an African American woman was legal and race was used as direct evidence for the rape of white women. Jennifer Wriggin begins her article, Rape, Racism, and the Law, discussing the focus on alleged black offenders and white victims of rape; in the eye of the law, all a white woman needed to do in the late 1800s to early 1900s was say a black man raped her and he would be convicted. Bestial behavior has been closely associated with African Americans since the beginning of slavery, making rape a crime assumed to be committed by African American men. In a time period when Emmett Till was brutally murdered for being too friendly to a white woman and his white assailants were found not guilty, it wasn't surprising to discover in Wriggin’s article that all a white woman needed to do was call fowl and the case was closed. What’s worse is that the rape convictions for black offenders still remain much harsher when the victim is white, oppose to vice versa.

In addition to this course, I’m also enrolled in a Race and Ethnic Relations course this semester and my professor summed up the objective of white segregationists as protecting the purity of their white women. It’s a pretty adolescent summation of white oppression, but is evident in Wriggin’s article. Taking a look at the Central Park Jogger case, Wriggin’s claims hold true. The case involved four African Americans and one Latino put on trial for allegedly raping an affluent white woman in Central Park. The five teenagers didn't commit the crime but were influenced to plead guilty which was disproved years later through DNA testing. The harsh convictions of alleged black offenders is just one side of the race issue, the race/rape issue takes an ugly turn when the alleged offender is white and the victim is black.

Twana Brawley, a fifteen year old African American, was found unconscious in a dumpster and later accused six white men of rape. Tawana’s case was highly publicized, with much controversy due to inconsistencies in the case. Whether Tawana’s accusations had holes or not ceases to be the issue at hand, the mere fact that this person’s race and the race of her attackers determined how the case was handled and how the media reported it illustrates the institutional racism that exists in the courts. If Tawana was a white teenager, the emphasis wouldn't have been on whether or not she was telling the truth, but more on her attackers – who would more than likely be assumed to be black.

With every highly publicized case of rape, comes the awful reminder of the rape culture that exists in our country. The extent to which law enforcement investigates a person’s accusation should not be determined by gender or race. Victim shaming and harsh convictions with lack of evidence are all too common and race is the underlying determinate in both instances. Wriggin’s suggest we rid the legal system of racist ideologies and look at sexual assault for what it is rather than who committed it. The belief that African American men behave like beasts and African American women are hyper-sexual does not excuse behavior or sexual assault and should not determine conviction. Sexual assault is a crime, regardless of race.

Given the media coverage on recent sexual assault cases, do you think there will ever be a time in our culture and legal system where rape convictions won’t be founded on gender, race, and class of both victim and offender?

Do We Like Christine Quinn?

Ever since Christine Quinn's mayoral candidacy was announced, I've been debating with myself whether she's someone I would vote for. I'm still undecided on the matter and it appears that I'm not the only one. Cara Giaimo's article, Christine Quinn: Because Just Being Gay Isn't Enough To Deserve the Gay Vote for Autostraddle explores the pros and cons of Christine Quinn's policies and political agenda.

What I found most interesting about Giaimo's article was her mention of the effects of the Stop and Frisk policy on the LGBT community. Very rarely is sexuality in the headlines regarding the Stop and Frisk policy, but a quick Google search led me to Arrests by the Fashion Police, a New York Times article detailing the issues trans people face with the Stop and Frisk policy in NYC. Apparently, trans people are being targeted by police and often arrested for allegedly being prostitutes. What evidence do these officers have? condoms in the pockets of those being stopped and frisked.

Image from The Daily News

Most of Quinn's political agenda has left me on the fence; I don't entirely agree with keeping Ray Kelly on as police commissioner and her lack of support on issues that directly concern women and the LGBT community contradicts her alleged stance on those issues, often citing the timing just isn't right. Giaimo remains diplomatic, concluding her article with "Overall, politics is politics." Quinn is just one of many candidates that have contradictory political practices and in some cases even sketchy ones.

Am I going to vote for Quinn? Still too early to tell, but Giaimo's article did inspire to me to delve deep into every candidates political agenda as well as their past and current support for policy change. I guess the fact that Quinn is an out lesbian woman drew me to her and made me want to support her, but I realize it takes more than an image of a disfranchised community to earn my vote - I need action.


Go to Autostraddle to read Cara Giaimo's full article: Christine Quinn: Because Just Being Gay Isn't Enough To Deserve the Gay Vote

For more information on the Stop and Frisk LGBT discrimination, read The Village Voice's Profiled by NYPD, Transgendered People in New York Fear Carrying Condoms and the New York Times' Arrests by the Fashion Police

Marry the Man Today!

There has been a lot of talk about marriage recently, particularly when women should marry. There was some backlash when Susan Patton, dubbed "the Princeton Mom" gave her advice to young female Princeton students to find a husband on campus, claiming it's one of the few opportunities they'll have to pick a mate that is an intellectual equal. There has also been a some commentary on the recent "hookup culture" and the absence of seriously defined relationships among young adults and college students.

I have a lot of friends who are involved in this so-called "hookup culture", but not because they feel like they have no other choice in the matter. It's not necessarily peer pressure that forces young women into these undefined relationships, dating has evolved from intense courtship to casual relationships with an emphasis on physical and intimate attraction. I believe the most young women are coming into their own and realizing they don't need to worry about finding a husband in their early to mid-20's, something that is being misconstrued as pressure to conform to purely physical relationships. Suggesting that most of these young women are being forced into this "hookup culture" strips them of their independence and suggests they're following the all too familiar trend of allowing men define their relationships and who they are.

As long as there is a mutual understanding, no harm is being done to either party. So why are people like Julia Shaw, in her article Marry Young, suggesting we're wasting our time not looking for a husband? Shaw suggests young women are waiting for security stating that "marriage doesn't require a big bank account, a dazzling resumé, or a televised wedding—it requires maturity, commitment, and a desire to grow up together"... that sounds similar to most out-of-wedlock monogamous relationships, the ones attainable without a marriage license .

Maybe it's because I don't share the same religious sentiment as others and for those reasons, I'm in no particular rush to get married. In my personal opinion, marriage is just a legal contract that allows partners to get a tax break and share property as well as that beloved health insurance. I don't own property, I'm covered under my parents health insurance for a few more years (thanks ObamaCare!), and I already get a break from being a down-and-out college student with a menial job.

So what's all the hullabaloo about rushing to get married or even finding a life partner in your twenties? Some, like the Princeton Mom, claim that college, surrounded by  intellectual equals, is the prime time to snatch up a husband. She may have a point, if intelligent men is your bag, than an ivy league college is a treasure trove. I once had a professor jokingly suggest that if your looking for a man who is smart and makes good money, become a physicist - her reasoning being barely any women are in the field and you can have your pick of anyone of them. There are a lot of "sad, but true" points being made by both my professor and the Princeton Mom. There aren't enough women working in the sciences, rarely are they put into a position where they have access to intellectual equals. Most people rely on friends of friends as well and school and job circles to meet eligible partners, hence contemporary dating sites like Coffee Meets Bagel.

I am totally fine with living in sin with my significant other until marriage is something I can benefit more from. I am, however, a traditionalist in the sense that I would prefer to be married before having a child. Am I going to preach that all women should wait to get married before having children? No, so this pressure for me to bite the bullet and get hitched is not appreciated. I am confident that I can be in a mature, committed relationship without a piece of paper legally defining it. Not to mention all this hetero-normative talk about women finding husbands completely disregards the LGBTQ community entirely. Perhaps the push for women to marry should be redirected to a different cause, like... marriage equality!

Tracy Moore says it best in her article for Jezebel, "Please Stop Telling Us When to Get Married" Stop suggesting we're husks of women, void of emotions because we're conforming to these physical relationships that will have us doomed to a life of spinsterdom. Stop making young women feel bad about not conforming to Princeton Mom and Julia Shaw's ideals! Marry when you want! Date who you want! And sleep with whoever you want (just use protection)!

Image from Jezebel.com

More commentary on "the hook-up culture" can be found on Nerve and The Atlantic

Follow the links for Amanda Marcotte's article on the Princeton Mom and Julia Shaw's article Marry Young as well as Tracy Moore's response to both articles on Jezebel

Getting Married in Order to Get Ahead

Marriage in Western civilization has evolved into a more nontraditional union as oppose to marriage in countries like China. Marriage in China is a union that benefits both spouses and extended family, providing financial support and security to both. In a recent article for Women in the World, Eveline Chao compares marriage in China to that of a business merger, largely because most husbands and wives often go into business with one another. From mom and pop shops to big e-commerce companies, like DangDang, it's not at all uncommon in China to see husbands and wives running companies together.

So why aren't husband/wife run corporations a trend in America? Chao suggests the huge economic boom in China may have attributed to the partnership, stating companies like DangDang started small and grew quickly with the help of China's exploding economy. Additionally, women are largely excluded in corporate America, evident in both their under-representation and the gender wage gap. Of course, mixing marriage and business can get complicated, Wu Yajun, once the richest woman and chairwoman of Longfor Properties, lost 40% of her shares when she divorced her husband.

It's indisputable that the union of marriage in China still upholds traditional values as well as other conservative norms, Chao mentions Chinese culture still looks down on women who consume alcohol and cigarettes. So are husband/wife corporations a traditional or modern practice? If modern, why aren't more American women going into business with their husbands?

Perhaps, husband/wife collaborations could be a solution to the gender wage gap and under-representation of females in corporate America or maybe it will continue to foster the belief that women cannot succeed on their own. One thing is certain, mixing business and pleasure is a gamble either way.


Read more on husband and wife business mergers in China at Women in the World

Wage Gap in the Video Game Industry

From Gamer Developer Magazine

Speaking of the gender wage gap, The Border House Blog recently shared some statistics found in Game Developer Magazine. Surprisingly the reported average salary for female programmers is a little over $4,000 than that of male programmers… because females only make up 4% of the population. Though the percentage of female animators is significantly higher at 16%, the average salary drops drastically with women making roughly $16,000 less than that of men – that’s much higher than the average $11,000 gender wage gap. The wage gap reaches a status quo in the game designer salaries. Female representation drops to 11%, but the wage gap more or less stays the same with a $14,000 difference.

From Game Developer Magazine

The statistics for game producers is a little interesting; women now represent 23% of the population but still get paid roughly $6,000 less than their male counterparts. The female representation in the audio producer field is similar to programmers, but wage gap is a monstrous $32,944! 

Now I can understand lack of female representation, with the video game industry being the boys club that it is, but what could possibly be a legitimate excuse for a 65% difference in wages? Are female producers just not as qualified? Are their responsibilities and job duties not vital to the company? Is it because they’re not applying for the higher paying positions or being overlooked for promotions? Or are they simply just not getting paid enough for the same work?

The Border House Blog continues to report various other jobs found in the game industry and reported average salaries coupled with it, but the issue of under-representation of females in the game industry and the huge gender wage gap is very apparent in the statistics listed above. Recently, there have been a lot of discussion about female representation in the tech industry as well as a huge push to get young girls interested in tech and science, but is it enough? If female representation in these fields increases, will their wages do the same?

For more information and statistics on the gaming industry, you can visit the Border House Blog or check out the latest issue of Game Developer Magazine

Equal Pay Day: Working An Additional Four Months to Break Even

When put into small numbers, like 77 cents to the dollar, the wage gap between women and men doesn't seem so bad, right? Wrong. Looking at the bigger picture, the gender wage gap is a big issue - an extra $11,000/year issue.

April 9th, 2013 marked the last day a woman needed to work in order to make the same wages as her male counterpart for 2012. Women make $11,000 less annually compared to men, in order to catch up to a man's 2012 salary, a woman would have had to continue working till April 9th, 2013. To sum it up, it takes women 16 months of work to earn the same amount a man would make in 12 months. Unfortunately, it doesn't stop there for women of color.

The wage gap for women of color is significantly larger than that of white women. The National Women's Law Center (NWLC) reports that African American women make 64 cents to the dollar of a white man and Hispanic women only make a mere 55 cents to the dollar. There's no denying there's a direct correlation to race and gender regarding the wage gap. Sexuality plays a huge role as well, a household with a lesbian couple will earn significantly less than a household with a man. Since women are typically the primary caregivers, a household with no male presence and children to support is at a financial disadvantage.

For myself, a 20-something single Hispanic woman still attending college, the list of things I could do with an extra $11,000 would include - paying off most of my student loans, or paying most of the years rent, maybe buying car, or even invest in some stock. For single mothers, $11,000/year would mean a hell of a lot more.

An additional $11,000/year would mean a drastic change in quality of life for all women. Acts like the Paycheck Fairness Act, currently pending in congress, would protect employees from discrimination and offer wage negotiation training programs. Giving women the tools to protect themselves from wage discrimination and negotiate more effectively will help them to become more conscious of their worth.


More information and statistics on the repercussions of the gender wage gap can be found at National Women's Law Center

More on the Paycheck Fairness Act can be found at National Partnership for Women & Families

Some of my favorite songs are Sexist

I listen to a lot of 1950s oldies and teenybopper music, I suppose I like the clean-cut, innocent, “I wanna hold your hand” content. However, a lot of the themes in music have changed throughout the decades, gone are the days of simply just holding someone’s hand, now it’s mostly all about trying to get someone into bed for the night. However, there is one message that has managed to stick around throughout the years and that’s the status of women in regards to relationships.

One of my absolute favorite songs is Wives and Lovers (lyrics/song). It’s an incredibly sexist song that has such a nice jazzy feel to it that almost does make you want to spend all day fixing the house up for your husband. The message in this song is that though you’re now married and no longer a desperate spinster, that doesn’t mean you should give up on appearances and making your man happy. The singer tells women “For wives should always be lovers, too/Run to his arms the moment he comes home to you/I'm warning you.” LADIES! THIS IS A WARNING! DON’T LET YOURSELF GO! THERE IS SUCH A THING AS DIVORCE AND INFIDELITY AND YOUR HUSBAND IS NOT AFRAID TO USE ‘EM!

Some of my favorite musicals also share similar messages regarding relationships. Hello Dolly’s It Takes a Woman (lyrics/song), describes all the tasks and chores that simply only a woman could handle, such as, “To joyously clean out the drain in the sink”, “For washing and blueing and shoeing the mare”, “And it takes a female for setting the table”.  Another example is poor Adelaide from Guys and Dolls, she's pretty fed up with her fiance Nathan, to the point where she decides that marrying him today and changing his ways later is the only solution in her song Marry the Man Today (lyrics/song). She exclaims, “Marry the man today/Rather than sigh in sorrow/Marry the man today/ And change his ways tomorrow”, because when your fiance is stressing you out the only solution is to just put up with it. Better to be married rather than single, right?

Like I mentioned before, this was decades ago, traditional values regarding marriage and courtship have since flown out the window. However, the status of women in relationships is still something that constantly comes up in modern music.

So what makes Bruno Mars’ Just The Way You Are (lyrics/song) different from Wives and Lovers? The language used has evolved drastically. Marriage is no longer a heavy theme in much of today’s music, it’s mostly about dating, though the word “wife” is used, it appears to be a loose reference to girlfriend. Much of modern music appears to be sung by men for women, wives, girlfriends, bitches, hoes, etc. Women aren’t really speaking to other women about relationships anymore. Adelaide isn’t around anymore to tell you to deal with your fiance’s nonsense and worry about changing his behavior later. Instead of being told to put your makeup on to keep your man, Bruno Mars and One Direction are telling women they’re beautiful regardless. That message is much more positive, but that suggests that music has evolved from women telling women how to keep a man to men telling women “no, this is how you keep a man”.

Though there are some empowering songs sung by women to women like Aretha Franklin’s Respect (lyrics/song) and others that bring gender and equality to light like No Doubt’s Just a Girl (lyrics/song) and very rarely a man comes into the mix with something like Tupac’s Keep Ya Head Up (lyrics/song). I had a hard time looking for modern songs that didn’t focus on relationships so much, but discussed or hinted at empowerment, gender, equality, and so on.

Not to completely overlook sexism in music regarding the status of men. Beyonce's If I were a Boy 

(lyrics/song) gives her interpretation of

what she believes her life would be like if she were male instead of female, “Drink beer with the guys/And chase after girls /I’d kick it with who I wanted/And I’d never get confronted for it./Cause they’d stick up for me.” True or untrue? Interpretations of what being a man really means are just as generalized as they are for women. The Cure’s Boys Don’t Cry (lyrics/song) suggests something differently, “I try and/Laugh about it/Hiding the tears in my eyes/'cause boys don't cry/Boys don't cry”.

With that said, are some of your favorite songs incredibly sexist? Are they guilty pleasures because of their message? Do you know any songs regarding the status of men and/or women that don’t focus so much on relationships?

Emergency Contraception Age Restriction Lifted

From New York Times article Judge Strikes Down Age Limits on Morning-After Pill

On Friday, Judge Edward R. Korman of the Eastern District of New York ruled that the prescription requirement for females 16 years and younger trying to acquire emergency contraception pills, like Plan B, is not scientifically necessary. Judge Korman ruled the prescription requirement was "arbitrary, capricious and unreasonable."

The EC pill is often clumped together with abortion, though the two could not be anymore different. The EC pill is NOT an abortion pill, it is a form of birth control. The EC pill stops the ovaries from releasing an egg so that the sperm and egg cannot join, therefore pregnancy does not occur. It is intended to be taken up to five days after unprotected sex has occurred - the sooner, the better.

This is obviously a very controversial issue and a bold move on Judge Korman's part to nullify the age restriction. Many conservative groups are up in arms about the now easily accessible EC pill, their arguments involving health concerns for younger girls and whether or not the EC pill is an abortion pill (it's not).

I personally think this is a huge step forward for reproductive health. I remember having to go to the pharmacy for a friend in need of the EC pill (the condom had broke, that actually happens!) who was unable to purchase it because she wasn't quite old enough yet. Age restrictions make sense for hazardous products like tobacco and alcohol, not for a product that could safeguard someone from getting pregnant. Now that the prescription requirement has been lifted for young females, it's time for the government and health officials to work towards making birth control affordable and/or, dare I say it, free!

Kate Beaton, Feminism, and the Media

I love to read comics and graphic novels, one of my favorite webcomics is Hark! A Vagrant, by artist Kate Beaton. As a huge DC Comics fan, I think her Lois Lane and Wonder Woman comic strip is what sealed the deal for me. Beaton typically references historical and literary figures, but it's her comic strips on feminism and sexism that stand out for me. Her hilarious response to the blatant sexism in the media, Strong Female Characters Part 1 & Part 2, pokes fun at costumes, attitudes, and behaviors that some strong female characters are given in movies, television, video games, comics, etc.


When my class was asked whether we thought of ourselves as feminists and what our perception of a feminist was, I instantly thought of Beaton's Straw Feminists in the Closet comic strip. A straw feminist is an over-generalization of a feminist, depicting them as extremists hairy-legged women who hate men and won't stop till women are the superior sex. The straw feminist is typically the image that comes to mind when asked if someone is a feminist or not. As a result, this demeaning depiction of feminism causes most people to shy away from the label and the movement.


Yesterday we discussed the lack of racial and low-socioeconomic representation in the feminist movement. So then what does a feminist look like? The image of a feminist seems to have evolved from oppressed housewife to in-your-face, bra-burning spinster. This image is a clear tactic used by people who don't believe that the feminist movement is necessary and gender equality is no longer an issue. Until everyone advocates for gender equality, the straw feminist will continue to remain at large, encouraging dissociation and indifference towards the feminist movement. Hairy legs or shaved legs, black or white, male or female, straight or gay, rich or poor - the fight for equality is every persons fight.
Here's a video that further discusses the portrayal of feminists in the media as extremist and man-hating...